Viral pneumonia คือ pdf

You could develop respiratory failure and need a ventilator to help you breathe. If rsv is the cause of your pneumonia, your doctor may prescribe a medication such as ribavirin virazol. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with communityacquired. Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of several viruses. Pneumonia severity index in viral community acquired pneumonia in adults. Viruses are the most common causes of acute respiratory infections, and causative agents of lower respiratory tract infection vary according to patient age and immunity. Mclaren sh, mistry rd, neuman mi, florin ta, dayan ps. Prior studies have focused on communityacquired pneumonia cap with multiplex pathogen panels, and rates of positivity for concurrent viral detection have ranged up to approximately half of patients.

Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children, while in adults bacteria are a more common cause. Treatment is often outpatient based with a macrolide antibiotic or doxycy. A wide range of viral, bacterial and fungal agents can cause pneumonia. Guideline adherence in diagnostic testing and treatment of communityacquired pneumonia in children. Department of pediatrics, respiratory medicine division, university of virginia health system, charlottesville, va after completing this article, readers should be able to. Viral pneumonia can result from infections that originate from the respiratory tract itself and progress, by contiguity or by aerosol contamination, until reaching the terminal bronchioles e. Automated pointofcare molecular assays have greatly shortened the turnaround time of respiratory virus testing. Questions still swirl over chinas unexplained pneumonia. Computed tomographic ct findings of viral pneumonia are diverse and may be affected by the immune status of the host and the underlying pathophysiology of the viral pathogen. Common causes of viral pneumonia are influenza and respiratory syncytial virus rsv, and a common cause of bacterial pneumonia is streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus. This type of pneumonia typically occurs as a secondary infection from other viruses such as influenza, coronavirus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, and. Saliva as a diagnostic specimen for testing respiratory.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children less than 5 years old worldwide. Investigations are still under way to identify the pathogen involved in an unexplained pneumonia outbreak in wuhan, china, as yesterday local health officials announced 15 more cases and said tests have ruled out severe acute respiratory syndrome. The principle of pneumonia management is diagnosis and early appropriate antibiotics. This is because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus than people with a strong immune system. In children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human. Viral pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the usa and around the world. However, identification of the underlying viral pathogens may not always be easy.

Radiographic and ct features of viral pneumonia1 viruses are the most common causes of respiratory infection. Your risk for viral pneumonia is greater if you are older than 65, or you have lung or. Evaluation for site of care by using twostep curb65 score and smartcop score will be categorized. Streptococcus pneumoniae frequently colonizes the upper respiratory tract. Aspiration pneumonia is caused by a foreign material, usually food or vomit getting into the lungs from the throat. Pneumonia management and prevention guidelines cdc. One of the major bottlenecks now lies at the specimen collection step, especially in a busy clinical setting. As chinese scientists continue their probe of an unusual viral pneumonia outbreak in wuhan, local officials yesterday closed the seafood market that was linked to the cases, as governments in nearby asian destinations stepped up their surveillance. There was a call to reach a consensus on definitions of pneumonia in both resourcelimited and wellresourced settings. Double pneumonia is a lung infection that affects both of your lungs. However, there is a lack of research on whether this scoring system can be applied to viral community acquired pneumonia. The infection inflames the air sacs in your lungs, or the alveoli, which fill with fluid or pus.

Guidelines for preventing healthcareassociated pneumonia, 2003 pdf icon 179 pages cdc and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee developed these recommendations management of adults with hospitalacquired and ventilatorassociated pneumonia, 2016 pdf icon 51 pages external icon the infectious diseases. Viral pneumonia can become lifethreatening, especially in older adults and people with other health problems. The imaging findings of viral pneumonia are diverse and overlap with those of other nonviral infectious and inflammatory conditions. Viral pneumonia can develop if a virus in your body travels to your lungs. It accounts for about one third of pneumonia cases. Before 2009 flu pandemic, severe pneumonia caused by influenza b virus infection was a rare complication occurring in elderly or very sick patients. Diagnosis and treatment of communityacquired pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Ards is a welldocumented complication of a number of viral and mycoplasma infections, 159 and it is a likely explanation for the pattern of diffuse air space opacities in patients with viral pneumonia. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever and difficulty breathing.

This study assessed the diagnostic validity, specimen collection time and cost. Viral pneumonia is a lung infection caused by a virus, such as influenza. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterium that causes bacterial pneumonia. Saliva is a convenient specimen type that can be provided easily by adult patients. Hib, followed by rsv the most common cause of viral pneumonia in children under two years. Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus.

Viruses are one of the two major causes of pneumonia, the other being bacteria. Viral adenovirus influenza a and b parainfluenza respiratory syncytial virus endemic fungi blastomycosis. Describe the findings of pneumonia on physical examination of preschool children. Waning cellular, humoral, and innate immune functioning may impair viral clearance, which allows spread of the virus to the lower respiratory tract resulting in increased inflammation. Viral pneumonia is a complication of the viruses that cause colds and the flu. The populations most at risk for pneumonia are children under five years, people aged 65 or over, and people with preexisting health problems. Pneumonia more rarely can be caused by a parasite, fungus or yeast. Pneumonia severity index psi is an important scoring system that can assess the severity of community acquired pneumonia and determine admission status. This variant is far more rare and generally seen only in people with a. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Molecular diagnostic tests have greatly increased our understanding of the role of viruses in pneumonia, and findings indicate that the incidence of viral pneumonia has been underestimated.

This is particularly true in the absence of lobar or lobular infiltrate and pleural effusion. Several bacteria and viruses and their combinations can cause the infection, but there is a lack of rapid and commercially available laboratory tests for most pathogens which may explain why the aetiology is rarely established in clinical practice. Childhood community acquired pneumonia is a common illness. Molecularbased diagnosis of throat swabs or sputum can be performed.

Background pneumonia was first described by hippocrates 5 460 370 bc. The role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of. Pneumonia severity index in viral community acquired. Name the most important cause of bacterial pneumonia in children older than 6 months of age. Bacterial pneumonia an overview sciencedirect topics. No answers yet in chinas pneumonia outbreak cidrap.

You could develop sepsis, which is a lifethreatening blood infection. The most common cause is the flu, but you can also get viral pneumonia from the common cold and other viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus rsv adenovirus less common. This document provides evidencebased clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with communityacquired pneumonia. In their comment about the use of corticosteroids to treat 2019 novel coronavirus 2019ncov lung injury, clark russell and colleagues1 summarise the available clinical evidence on corticosteroid to treat patients with severe human coronavirus infections severe acute respiratory syndrome sars coronavirus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and other severe respiratory virus. However, all of these types of pneumonia can also be viral pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can cause mild to severe illness. Severe viral pneumonia with air space consolidation is infrequently encountered in the otherwise normal patient. Viral pneumonia inpatient care what you need to know. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications. About 200 million cases of viral communityacquired pneumonia occur every year100 million in children and 100 million in adults.

Along with viral and bacterial pneumonia, theres a third type worth knowing. Viral pneumonia can progress to bacterial pneumonia, which is a more serious illness. The causative organisms for pneumonia vary greatly between studies depending on population studied, the diagnostic method used to detect pathogens and the seasonal distribution of the viruses. Viral pneumonia is more likely to occur in young children and older adults. The pneumonia severity index should be used to assist in decisions. On the use of corticosteroids for 2019ncov pneumonia. Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. You can get a viral infection by breathing in the virus or by touching something that has the virus on it. Postoperative bacterial pneumonia usually occurs when the body is weakened in some way, such as illness, malnutrition, old age or impaired immunity, and the bacteria are able to work their way into the. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The virus invades your lungs and causes them to swell, blocking. Elderly persons are at increased risk of infection and complications in viral pneumonia because of comorbidities.